# Data Encryption/Decryption

This topic discusses how encryption and decryption works in Android.

# AES encryption of data using password in a secure way

The following example encrypts a given data block using AES (opens new window). The encryption key is derived in a secure way (random salt, 1000 rounds of SHA-256). The encryption uses AES in CBC (opens new window) mode with random IV (opens new window).

Note that the data stored in the class EncryptedData (salt, iv, and encryptedData) can be concatenated to a single byte array. You can then save the data or transmit it to the recipient.

private static final int SALT_BYTES = 8;
private static final int PBK_ITERATIONS = 1000;
private static final String ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM = "AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding";
private static final String PBE_ALGORITHM = "PBEwithSHA256and128BITAES-CBC-BC";

private EncryptedData encrypt(String password, byte[] data) throws NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
    EncryptedData encData = new EncryptedData();
    SecureRandom rnd = new SecureRandom();
    encData.salt = new byte[SALT_BYTES];
    encData.iv = new byte[16]; // AES block size
    rnd.nextBytes(encData.salt);
    rnd.nextBytes(encData.iv);

    PBEKeySpec keySpec = new PBEKeySpec(password.toCharArray(), encData.salt, PBK_ITERATIONS);
    SecretKeyFactory secretKeyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(PBE_ALGORITHM);
    Key key = secretKeyFactory.generateSecret(keySpec);
    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM);
    IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(encData.iv);
    cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, ivSpec);
    encData.encryptedData = cipher.doFinal(data);
    return encData;
}

private byte[] decrypt(String password, byte[] salt, byte[] iv, byte[] encryptedData) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
    PBEKeySpec keySpec = new PBEKeySpec(password.toCharArray(), salt, PBK_ITERATIONS);
    SecretKeyFactory secretKeyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(PBE_ALGORITHM);
    Key key = secretKeyFactory.generateSecret(keySpec);
    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
    IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
    cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, ivSpec);
    return cipher.doFinal(encryptedData);
}

private static class EncryptedData {
    public byte[] salt;
    public byte[] iv;
    public byte[] encryptedData;
}

The following example code shows how to test encryption and decryption:

try {
    String password = "test12345";
    byte[] data = "plaintext11223344556677889900".getBytes("UTF-8");
    EncryptedData encData = encrypt(password, data);
    byte[] decryptedData = decrypt(password, encData.salt, encData.iv, encData.encryptedData);
    String decDataAsString = new String(decryptedData, "UTF-8");
    Toast.makeText(this, decDataAsString, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

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