# Creating packages with devtools

This topic will cover the creation of R packages from scratch with the devtools package.

# Creating and distributing packages

This is a compact guide about how to quickly create an R package from your code. Exhaustive documentations will be linked when available and should be read if you want a deeper knowledge of the situation. See Remarks for more resources.

The directory where your code stands will be refered as ./, and all the commands are meant to be executed from a R prompt in this folder.

# Creation of the documentation

The documentation for your code has to be in a format which is very similar to LaTeX.

However, we will use a tool named roxygen in order to simplify the process:

install.packages("devtools")
library("devtools")
install.packages("roxygen2")
library("roxygen2")

The full man page for roxygen is available here (opens new window). It is very similar to doxygen.

Here is a practical sample about how to document a function with roxygen:

#' Increment a variable.
#'
#' Note that the behavior of this function
#' is undefined if `x` is not of class `numeric`.
#'
#' @export
#' @author  another guy
#' @name    Increment Function
#' @title   increment
#'
#' @param x   Variable to increment
#' @return    `x` incremented of 1
#'
#' @seealso   `other_function`
#'
#' @examples
#' increment(3)
#' > 4
increment <- function(x) {
  return (x+1)
}

And here will be the result (opens new window).

It is also recommanded to create a vignette (see the topic Creating vignettes), which is a full guide about your package.

# Construction of the package skeleton

Assuming that your code is written for instance in files ./script1.R and ./script2.R, launch the following command in order to create the file tree of your package:

package.skeleton(name="MyPackage", code_files=c("script1.R","script2.R"))

Then delete all the files in ./MyPackage/man/. You have now to compile the documentation:

roxygenize("MyPackage")

You should also generate a reference manual from your documentation using R CMD Rd2pdf MyPackage from a command prompt started in ./.

# Edition of the package properties

# 1. Package description

Modify ./MyPackage/DESCRIPTION according to your needs. The fields Package, Version, License, Description, Title, Author and Maintainer are mandatory, the other are optional.

If your package depends on others packages, specify them in a field named Depends (R version < 3.2.0) or Imports (R version > 3.2.0).

# 2. Optional folders

Once you launched the skeleton build, ./MyPackage/ only had R/ and man/ subfolders. However, it can have some others:

data/: here you can place the data that your library needs and that isn't code. It must be saved as dataset with the .RData extension, and you can load it at runtime with data() (opens new window) and load() (opens new window)
tests/: all the code files in this folder will be ran at install time. If there is any error, the installation will fail.
src/: for C/C++/Fortran source files you need (using Rcpp...).
exec/: for other executables.
misc/: for barely everything else.

# Finalization and build

You can delete ./MyPackage/Read-and-delete-me.

As it is now, your package is ready to be installed.

You can install it with devtools::install("MyPackage").

To build your package as a source tarball, you need to execute the following command, from a command prompt in ./ : R CMD build MyPackage

# Distribution of your package

# Through Github

Simply create a new repository called MyPackage and upload everything in MyPackage/ to the master branch. Here is an example (opens new window).

Then anyone can install your package from github with devtools:

install_package("MyPackage", "your_github_usename")

# Through CRAN

Your package needs to comply to the CRAN Repository Policy (opens new window). Including but not limited to: your package must be cross-platforms (except some very special cases), it should pass the R CMD check test.

Here is the submission form (opens new window). You must upload the source tarball.

# Creating vignettes

A vignette is a long-form guide to your package. Function documentation is great if you know the name of the function you need, but it’s useless otherwise. A vignette is like a book chapter or an academic paper: it can describe the problem that your package is designed to solve, and then show the reader how to solve it.

Vignettes will be created entirely in markdown.

# Requirements

Rmarkdown: install.packages("rmarkdown")
Pandoc (opens new window)

# Vignette creation

devtools::use_vignette("MyVignette", "MyPackage")

You can now edit your vignette at ./vignettes/MyVignette.Rmd.

The text in your vignette is formatted as Markdown (opens new window).

The only addition to the original Markdown, is a tag that takes R code, runs it, captures the output, and translates it into formatted Markdown:

```r{r}
# Add two numbers together
add <- function(a, b) a + b
add(10, 20)
```r

Will display as:

# Add two numbers together
add <- function(a, b) a + b
add(10, 20)
## [1] 30

Thus, all the packages you will use in your vignettes must be listed as dependencies in ./DESCRIPTION.

# Remarks

← Inspecting packages Using pipe assignment in your own package %%: How to ? →