# Getting started with Ruby Language

# Hello World

This example assumes Ruby is installed.

Place the following in a file named hello.rb:

puts 'Hello World'

From the command line, type the following command to execute the Ruby code from the source file:

$ ruby hello.rb

This should output:

Hello World

The output will be immediately displayed to the console. Ruby source files don't need to be compiled before being executed. The Ruby interpreter compiles and executes the Ruby file at runtime.

# Hello World as a Self-Executable File—using Shebang (Unix-like operating systems only)

You can add an interpreter directive (shebang) to your script. Create a file called hello_world.rb which contains:

#!/usr/bin/env ruby

puts 'Hello World!'

Give the script executable permissions. Here's how to do that in Unix:

$ chmod u+x hello_world.rb

Now you do not need to call the Ruby interpreter explicitly to run your script.

$ ./hello_world.rb

# Hello World from IRB

Alternatively, you can use the Interactive Ruby Shell (opens new window) (IRB) to immediately execute the Ruby statements you previously wrote in the Ruby file.

Start an IRB session by typing:

$ irb

Then enter the following command:

puts "Hello World"

This results in the following console output (including newline):

Hello World

If you don't want to start a new line, you can use print:

print "Hello World"

# Hello World without source files

Run the command below in a shell after installing Ruby. This shows how you can execute simple Ruby programs without creating a Ruby file:

ruby -e 'puts "Hello World"'

You can also feed a Ruby program to the interpreter's standard input. One way to do that is to use a here document (opens new window) in your shell command:

ruby <<END
puts "Hello World"
END

# Hello World with tk

Tk is the standard graphical user interface (GUI) for Ruby. It provides a cross-platform GUI for Ruby programs.

# Example code:

require "tk"
TkRoot.new{ title "Hello World!" }
Tk.mainloop

The result:

(opens new window)

Step by Step explanation:

require "tk"

Load the tk package.

TkRoot.new{ title "Hello World!" }

Define a widget with the title Hello World

Tk.mainloop

Start the main loop and display the widget.

# My First Method

# Overview

Create a new file named my_first_method.rb

Place the following code inside the file:

def hello_world
  puts "Hello world!"
end

hello_world() # or just 'hello_world' (without parenthesis)

Now, from a command line, execute the following:

ruby my_first_method.rb

The output should be:

Hello world!

# Explanation

def is a keyword that tells us that we're def-ining a method - in this case, hello_world is the name of our method.
puts "Hello world!" puts (or pipes to the console) the string Hello world!
end is a keyword that signifies we're ending our definition of the hello_world method
as the hello_world method doesn't accept any arguments, you can omit the parenthesis by invoking the method

# Remarks

Ruby (opens new window) is a multi-platform open-source, dynamic object-oriented interpreted language, designed to be simplistic and productive. It was created by Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz) in 1995.

According to its creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl (opens new window), Smalltalk (opens new window), Eiffel (opens new window), Ada (opens new window), and Lisp (opens new window). It supports multiple programming paradigms, including functional, object-oriented, and imperative. It also has a dynamic type system and automatic memory management.

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