DevTut

# Using HTML with CSS

CSS (opens new window) provides styles to HTML elements on the page. Inline styling involves usage of the style attribute in tags, and is highly discouraged. Internal stylesheets use the <style> tag and are used to declare rules for directed portions of the page. External stylesheets may be used through a <link> tag which takes an external file of CSS and applies the rules to the document. This topic covers usage of all three methods of attachment.

# External Stylesheet Use

Use the link attribute in the document's head:

<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css">
</head>

You can also use stylesheets provided from websites via a content delivery network, or CDN for short. (for example, Bootstrap):

<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>

Generally, you can find CDN support for a framework on its website.

# Internal Stylesheet

You can also include CSS elements internally by using the <style> tag:

<head>
    <style type="text/css">
        body {
           background-color: gray;
        }
    </style>  
</head>

Multiple internal stylesheets can be included in a program as well.

<head>
    <style type="text/css">
        body {
           background-color: gray;
        }
    </style>

    <style type="text/css">
        p {
           background-color: blue;
        }
    </style>  
</head>

# Inline Style

You can style a specific element by using the style attribute:

<span style="color: red">This text will appear in red.</span>

Note: Try to avoid this -- the point of CSS is to separate content from presentation.

# Multiple Stylesheets

It's possible to load multiple stylesheets:

<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="general.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="specific.css">
</head>

Note that later files and declarations will override earlier ones. So if general.css contains:

body {
    background-color: red;
}

and specific.css contains:

body { 
    background-color: blue;
}

if both are used, the background of the document will be blue.

# Syntax

  • <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css">
  • <style></style>

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