# Meta Information
Meta tags in HTML documents provide useful information about the document including a description, keywords, author, dates of modifications and around 90 other fields. This topic covers the usage and purpose of these tags.
# Page Information
# application-name
Giving the name of the Web application that the page represents.
<meta name="application-name" content="OpenStreetMap">
If it’s not a Web application, the application-name meta tag must not be used.
# author
Set the author of the page:
<meta name="author" content="Your Name">
Only one name can be given.
# description
Set the description of the page:
<meta name="description" content="Page Description">
The description meta tag can be used by various search engines while indexing your web page for searching purpose. Usually, the description contained within the meta tag is the short summary that shows up under the page/website's main title in the search engine results. Google usually uses only the first 20-25 words of your description.
# generator
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Generator 1.42">
Identifies one of the software packages used to generate the document. Only to be used for pages where the markup is automatically generated.
# keywords
Set keywords for search engines (comma-separated):
<meta name="keywords" content="Keyword1, Keyword2">
The keywords meta tag is sometimes used by search engines to know the search query which is relevant to your web page.
As a rule of thumb, it is probably a good idea to not add too many words, as most search engines that use this meta tag for indexing will only index the first ~20 words. Make sure that you put the most important keywords first.
# Character Encoding
The charset attribute specifies the character encoding for the HTML document and needs to be a valid character encoding (examples include windows-1252, ISO-8859-2, Shift_JIS, and UTF-8). UTF-8 (Unicode) is the most widely used and should be used for any new project.
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
All browsers have always recognized the <meta charset> form, but if you for some reason need your page to be valid HTML 4.01, you can use the following instead:
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
See also the Encoding Standard (opens new window), to view all available character encoding labels that browsers recognize.
# Robots
The robots attribute, supported by several major search engines, controls whether search engine spiders are allowed to index a page or not and whether they should follow links from a page or not.
<meta name="robots" content="noindex">
This example instructs all search engines to not show the page in search results. Other allowed values are:
| Value/Directive | Meaning |
|---|---|
all | Default. Equivalent to index, follow. See note below. |
noindex | Do not index the page at all. |
nofollow | Do not follow the links on this page |
follow | The links on the page can be followed. See note below. |
none | Equivalent to noindex, nofollow. |
noarchive | Do not make a cached version of this page available in search results. |
nocache | Synonym of noarchive used by some bots such as Bing. |
nosnippet | Do not show a snippet of this page in search results. |
noodp | Do not use metadata of this page from the Open Directory project (opens new window) for titles or snippets in search results. |
notranslate | Do not offer translations of this page in search results. |
noimageindex | Do not index images on this page. |
unavailable_after [RFC-850 date/time] | Do not show this page in search results after the specified date/time. The date/time must be specified in the RFC 850 format (opens new window). |
Note: Explicitly defining index and/or follow, while valid values, is not necessary as pretty much all search engines will assume they are allowed to do so if not explicitly prevented from doing so. Similar to how the robots.txt file operates, search engines generally only look for things they are not allowed to do. Only stating things a search engine isn't allowed to do also prevents accidentally stating opposites (such as index, ..., noindex) which not all search engines will treat in the same way.
# Social Media
Open Graph is a standard for metadata that extends the normal information contained within a site's head markup. This enables websites such as Facebook to display deeper and richer information about a website in a structured format. This information is then automatically displayed when users share links to websites containing OG metadata on Facebook.
# Facebook / Open Graph
<meta property="fb:app_id" content="123456789">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://example.com/page.html">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<meta property="og:title" content="Content Title">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">
<meta property="og:description" content="Description Here">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Site Name">
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US">
<meta property="article:author" content="">
<!-- Facebook: https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters#markup -->
<!-- Open Graph: http://ogp.me/ -->
# Facebook / Instant Articles
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta property="op:markup_version" content="v1.0">
<!-- The URL of the web version of your article -->
<link rel="canonical" href="http://example.com/article.html">
<!-- The style to be used for this article -->
<meta property="fb:article_style" content="myarticlestyle">
- Facebook Instant Articles: Creating Articles (opens new window)
- Instant Articles: Format Reference (opens new window)
Twitter uses its own markup for metadata. This metadata is used as information to control how tweets are displayed when they contain a link to the site.
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@site_account">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@individual_account">
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://example.com/page.html">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Content Title">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Content description less than 200 characters">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">
# Google+ / Schema.org
<link href="https://plus.google.com/+YourPage" rel="publisher">
<meta itemprop="name" content="Content Title">
<meta itemprop="description" content="Content description less than 200 characters">
<meta itemprop="image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">
# Mobile Layout Control
Common mobile-optimized sites use the <meta name="viewport"> tag like this:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
The viewport element gives the browser instructions on how to control the page's dimensions and scaling based on the device you are using.
In the above example, content="width=device-width means that the browser will render the width of the page at the width of its own screen. So if that screen is 480px wide, the browser window will be 480px wide. initial-scale=1 depicts that the initial zoom (which is 1 in this case, means it does not zoom).
Below are the attributes this tag supports:
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
width | The width of the virtual viewport of the device. Values1: device-width or the actual width in pixels, like 480 |
height | The height of the virtual viewport of the device. Values2: device-height or the actual width in pixels, like 600 |
initial-scale | The initial zoom when the page is loaded. 1.0 does not zoom. |
minimum-scale | The minimum amount the visitor can zoom on the page. 1.0 does not zoom. |
maximum-scale | The maximum amount the visitor can zoom on the page. 1.0 does not zoom. |
user-scalable | Allows the device to zoom in and out. Values are yes or no. If set to no, the user is not able to zoom in the webpage. The default is yes. Browser settings can ignore this rule. |
Notes:
1 The width property can be either specified in pixels (width=600) or by device-width (width=device-width) which represents the physical width of the device's screen.
2 Similarly, the height property can be either specified in pixels (height=600) or by device-height (height=device-height) which represents the physical height of the device's screen.
# Automatic Refresh
To refresh the page every five seconds, add this meta element in the head element:
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5">
CAUTION! While this is a valid command, it is recommended that you do not use it because of its negative effects on user experience. Refreshing the page too often can cause it to become unresponsive, and often scrolls to the top of the page. If some information on the page needs to be updated continuously, there are much better ways to do that by only refreshing a portion of a page.
# Phone Number Recognition
Mobile platforms like iOS automatically recognize phone numbers and turn them into tel: links. While the feature is very practical, the system sometimes detects ISBN codes and other numbers as telephone numbers.
For mobile Safari and some other WebKit-based mobile browsers to turn off automatic phone number recognition and formatting, you need this meta tag:
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
# Automatic redirect
Sometimes your webpage needs a automatic redirect.
For example, to redirect to example.com after 5 seconds:
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;url=https://www.example.com/" />
This is line will send you to the designated website (in this case example.com after 5 seconds.
If you need to change the time delay before a redirect, simply changing the number right before your ;url= will alter the time delay.
# Web App
You can set up your web app or website to have an application shortcut icon added to a device's homescreen, and have the app launch in full-screen "app mode" using Chrome for Android’s "Add to homescreen" (opens new window) menu item.
Below meta tag(s) will open web app in full-screen mode (without address bar).
Android Chrome
<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
IOS
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
You can also set color for status bar and address bar in meta tag.
Android Chrome
<meta name="theme-color" content="black">
IOS
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
# Syntax
<meta name="metadata name" content="value"><meta http-equiv="pragma directive" content="value"><meta charset="encoding label">
# Remarks
The meta tag is an HTML tag used to set the metadata of the HTML document. Meta tags need to go in the head element. A page may have any number of meta tags.
The meta tag keywords is not typically used by robots. Most search engines determine what keywords fit with the content on the web pages. That being said, nothing says you should no longer include the keywords meta tag.
The meta data of a page is mostly used by the browser (like the scaling of a document) and web crawling spiders used by search engines (Google, Yahoo!, Bing).
The spec gives a number of standardized metadata names (opens new window) for use with <meta name> and standardized metadata pragma directives (opens new window) for use with <meta http-equiv>. However, many services across the internet (web crawlers, authoring tools, social sharing services, etc.) use the <meta name> form as a generic extension point for metadata. Some of these are listed on the spec's wiki page (opens new window).